Brazil's X ban drives Bolsonaro supporters to rally for 'free speech'

He's also created an X account, named for the controversial jurist, to publish sealed court orders directing X to shut down accounts deemed unlawful (Photo: Shutterstock)

It's also something of a referendum on X, whose suspension has raised eyebrows even among some of Bolsonaro's opponents all the while stoking the flames of Brazil's deep-seated political polarisation.

A country without liberty can't celebrate anything this day, Bolsonaro wrote on his Instagram account September 4, urging Brazilians to stay away from official independence day parades and instead join him in Sao Paulo.

Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes ordered X's nationwide ban on August 30 after months of feuding with Musk over the limits of free speech.

The powerful judge has spearheaded efforts to ban far-right users from spreading misinformation on social media, and he ramped up his clampdown after die-hard Bolsonaro supporters ransacked Congress and the presidential palace on January 8, 2023, in an attempt to overturn Bolsonaro's defeat in the presidential election.

The ban is red meat to Bolsonaro's allies, who have accused the judiciary and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's government of colluding to silence their movement.

Elon Musk has been a warrior for freedom of speech, staunch Bolsonaro ally and lawmaker Bia Kicis said in an interview. The right is being oppressed, massacred, because the left doesn't want the right to exist.

Our liberties are in danger, we need to make our voices heard. De Moraes is a tyrant, he should be impeached, and people on the streets is the only thing that will convince politicians to do it, added retiree Amaro Santos as he walked down the thoroughfare on Saturday.

Musk, a self-proclaimed free speech absolutist, has also urged Brazilians to turn out in droves for the rally, resharing someone else's post claiming that X's ban had awakened people to the fact that freedom isn't free and needs to be fought for.

He's also created an X account, named for the controversial jurist, to publish sealed court orders directing X to shut down accounts deemed unlawful.

But De Moraes' decision to ban X was far from arbitrary, having been upheld by fellow Supreme Court justices. And while online expression is more easily censored under Brazil's laws than it is in the US, Musk has emerged as both a cause celebre and a mouthpiece for unrestricted free speech.

Since 2019, X has shut down 226 accounts of far-right activities accused of undermining Brazil's democracy, including those of lawmakers affiliated with Bolsonaro's party, according to court records.

But when it refused to take action on some accounts, de Moraes warned last month that its top executive could be arrested, prompting X to disband its local office. The US-based company refused to name a new legal representative as required in order to receive court notices and de Moraes ordered its nationwide suspension until it did so.

A Supreme Court panel unanimously upheld de Moraes' decision to block X days later, undermining Musk's efforts to cast him as an authoritarian bent on censoring political speech.

The more controversial component of his ruling was the levy of a whopping USD 9,000 daily fine for regular Brazilians using virtual private networks (VPNs) to access X.

Some of these measures that have been adopted by the Supreme Court appear to be quite onerous and abusive, said Andrei Roman, CEO of Brazil-based pollster Atlas Intel.

In the lead-up to Saturday's protest, some right-wing politicians defied de Moraes' ban and brazenly used a VPN to publish posts on X, calling for people to partake in the protests.

The march in Sao Paulo is organized in parallel to official events to celebrate Brazil's anniversary of independence from Portugal. Commemorations have been fraught with tension in recent years, as Bolsonaro used them while in office to rally supporters and show political strength.

Three years ago, he threatened to plunge the country into a constitutional crisis when he declared he would no longer abide de Moraes' rulings. He has since toned down the attacks a reflection of his own delicate legal situation.

Bolsonaro has been indicted twice since his term ended in 2022, most recently for alleged money laundering in connection with undeclared diamonds from Saudi Arabia. De Moraes is overseeing an investigation into the January 8 riot, including whether Bolsonaro had a role in inciting it.

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